PEPPERS

Climatic and Soil Requirements: 

Pepper with botanical name Capsicum Spp. grows best on well-drained soil, light loamy soil which is rich in lime, a rainfall of 65-130mm is required.

Cultivation: Seed-bed or nursery is required in a shady area preferably near water. Planting is done by scattering viable seeds on the seed beds. Germination takes place in 6-10 days. The developing seedlings are transplanted after 4-6 weeks. Newly transplants seedlings should be watered daily until the roots are firmly established in the soil.

Spacing of 60-90ctn apart can be used. Weed farmland when necessary.

Mulch when necessary. Apply organic fertilizer of about 2.5kg/m2. Inorganic fertilizer can be applied in a ring, about 1 Ocrh away from the base of each plant.

Pests and Diseases: The major pests are birds and nematodes. Birds can be controlled with trap, and other physical methods. Nematode can be controlled by applying a nematicide.

Viral diseases like mosaic and leaf curl can be controlled by uprooting and burning infected plants.

Harvesting and Storage: The fruits are ready for harvest 3-4 months after planting by hand picking. The harvested fruits can be used directly; or treated with hot water for about 30 minutes after which they are dried. After drying, the fruits can either be crushed into powder and sold or stored.

Importance: 

Peppers are used as condiments for the preparation of stews, soups and for seasoning foods. Peppers are good sources of vitamins A, C, and E. It can be exported.